The Play Cycle: Understanding How Children Play and Learn
Introduction
Play is at the core of childhood and learning, but what happens when we break it down? In this episode, we (Wem and Lewis) explored the concept of the play cycle—a framework for understanding how children engage with play, its phases, and the profound impact it has on development. By diving into real-life examples, we discussed how recognising and respecting the play cycle can transform outdoor education.
What Is the Play Cycle?
The play cycle is a model that describes the process of play from beginning to end. It includes distinct phases:
The Play Cue: An invitation to play, like a child picking up a stick or calling a friend.
The Play Return: The response to the cue, such as another child engaging.
Play Flow: The sustained engagement in the activity.
Play Breakdown: An interruption or pause in the play.
Play Repair: Attempts to restart or adjust the play.
Wem explained how understanding these phases helps educators support play without disrupting its natural rhythm.
The Importance of Recognising Play Cues
Play cues are the sparks that ignite the play cycle. They can be subtle, like a glance or gesture, or more overt, like shouting, “Let’s build a fort!” Lewis shared a story about noticing a child quietly arranging sticks in a pattern—a play cue that might have gone unnoticed without a trained eye.
We discussed how recognising and responding to play cues validates children’s intentions, encouraging deeper engagement.
Respecting Play Flow
Play flow is where the magic happens. It’s the phase where children are fully immersed, exploring, creating, and problem-solving. Wem emphasised the importance of not interrupting play flow unless absolutely necessary. “Even well-meaning interventions can disrupt the momentum,” they explained.
Lewis shared an example of a group building a dam in a stream. Despite their messy, chaotic process, the children were deeply engaged in learning about water flow, teamwork, and resilience.
Handling Play Breakdowns and Repairs
Interruptions are inevitable, whether due to conflicts, accidents, or external factors. Wem discussed how educators can support play repair by helping children navigate disruptions without taking over.
We also explored the role of conflict in play, highlighting how disagreements can lead to valuable lessons in negotiation and emotional regulation when handled constructively.
The Role of Adults in the Play Cycle
As educators, our role isn’t to lead but to observe, support, and occasionally facilitate. Wem described how stepping back allows children to take ownership of their play, fostering independence and creativity.
Lewis added that understanding the play cycle can help educators recognise when to intervene and when to let the play unfold naturally. “Sometimes, the best thing you can do is simply watch,” he said.
Practical Tips for Supporting the Play Cycle
Here are some ways to support the play cycle in Forest School:
Be Present but Unobtrusive: Observe without dominating.
Create Opportunities: Provide open-ended materials and environments that invite play.
Respect Play Cues: Respond thoughtfully to children’s invitations to engage.
Support Play Repairs: Help children navigate disruptions without taking over.
Conclusion
The play cycle is a powerful reminder of the depth and complexity of children’s play. By understanding its phases and respecting its flow, we can create environments where play—and learning—can thrive.
Want to dive deeper? Tune in to the full episode for more insights, stories, and practical advice on supporting the play cycle.